> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.rtlcopymemory.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.rtlcopymemory.com/footprinting/mssql.md).

# MSSQL

Clients:

* [SQL Server Management Studio](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/ssms/download-sql-server-management-studio-ssms?view=sql-server-ver15)
* [mssql-cli](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/tools/mssql-cli?view=sql-server-ver15)
* [SQL Server PowerShell](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/powershell/sql-server-powershell?view=sql-server-ver15)
* [HeidiSQL](https://www.heidisql.com/)
* [SQLPro](https://www.macsqlclient.com/)
* [Impacket's mssqlclient.py](https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/master/examples/mssqlclient.py) (Usually `mssqlclient.py`, or try `impacket-mssqlclient`)

For Impacket's (often included in pentesting distros):

```shell-session
locate mssqlclient
```

Impacket's default login is NOT the Windows login, use `-windows-auth`

| Default System Database | Description                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `master`                | Tracks all system information for an SQL server instance                                                                                                                                               |
| `model`                 | Template database that acts as a structure for every new database created. Any setting changed in the model database will be reflected in any new database created after changes to the model database |
| `msdb`                  | The SQL Server Agent uses this database to schedule jobs & alerts                                                                                                                                      |
| `tempdb`                | Stores temporary objects                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `resource`              | Read-only database containing system objects included with SQL server                                                                                                                                  |

## nmap command

```shell-session
sudo nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 10.129.201.248
```

## Metasplot

module: `mssql_ping`

```shell-session
set rhosts 10.129.201.248
run
```

## Common enumeration

from [HackTricks](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server#manual-enumeration)

```
# Get version
select @@version;
# Get user
select user_name();
# Get databases
SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;
# Use database
USE master

#Get table names
SELECT * FROM <databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
#List Linked Servers
EXEC sp_linkedservers
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;
#List users
select sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
#Create user with sysadmin privs
CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = 'P@ssword123!'
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'

#Enumerate links
enum_links
#Use a link
use_link [NAME]
```


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